Items where Subject is "S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General)"

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Abiala, Anuoluwapo Felicia and Ojo, Azeez Adebayo (2019) ROLE OF WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: `A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW. In: 1st National Conference of WITED, Ilaro Chapter, August 13-16, 2019, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Abulude, F. O and Oluwagbayide, S.D and Akinnusotu, A and Damodharan, U. (2021) QUALITY OF LIFE: THE EXPOSURE OF A FOOTBALL VIEWING CENTER IN A METROPOLITAN AREA TO NOISE POLLUTION. Techno-Science Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 4 (1). pp. 7-17. ISSN 2651-3722

Abulude, F.O and Adeoya, E. A and Olubayode, S. A and Oluwagbayide, S.D (2021) Trends in the air pollution: The use of Mosses as Biomonitors. Quality of Life, 12 (1-2). pp. 31-38.

Adebowale, Olalekan J. and Taylor, R.N. and De Kock, H. L Effects of microwaving sorghum grain on the sensory characteristics of porridges prepared from flours stored for up to 6 weeks at 50ºC. In: Department of Consumer and Food Sciences University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, South Africa.

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Adeleye, O. O. and Baldeh, Y. and Egbeyale L. T, L. T and Akinremi, F. M. and Oso, O. M. and Fajimi, S. O. and Olorunsogbon, B. F. and Jegede, A. V and Abatan, M. and Adebambo, A. O. and Adebambo, O. A. (2019) Predilection and growth performance of FUNAAB-Alpha chicken under different compact fluorescent light colours. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 43 (6). pp. 270-275. ISSN 279 - 275

Adenigba, A.A and Adedeji, A.A and Aboloje, A.C (2022) Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Three-Phase Poultry Bird De-Feathering Machine. IRE Journals, 5 (10). pp. 268-277. ISSN 2456-8880

Adenigba, A.A and Ogunlade, C. B (2022) Achieving Sustainable Development, Exclusively Through the Use of Green Technologies. IRE Journals |, 6 (3). pp. 18-25. ISSN 2456-8880

Adenigba, A.A and Oluwagbayide, S.D (2021) Evaluating the Effects of Milling Speed and Screen Size on Power Consumed During Milling Operation. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER), 2 (2). pp. 260-275. ISSN 2717-8420

Adenigba, A.A and Oluwagbayide, S.D (2021) Evaluating the effect of milling speed and screen size on power consumed during milling operation. Insights in Aquaculture and Biotechnology, 5 (2). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2248-9215

Adenigba, A.A and Sedara, A.M (2021) Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Groundnut Dehulling and Separating Machine. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER),, 2 (1). pp. 104-123. ISSN 2717-8420

Adigbo, S and Odueme, P and Coker, Temitope and Fabunmi, T and Fadeyi, J and Appah, C (2019) Performances of Maize in Maize/Cassava Intercrop as influenced by Four different Times of Planting in Derived Savannah. In: ASN 53rd Annual Conference Proceedings Agricultural Society of Nigeria. 21st -25th October, 2019. NCRI, Badeggi, Nigeria, 21st -25th October, 2019., Badeggi, Nigeria.

Ahmed, O. Akinola and Olusola, O. Leramo (2019) PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF GOATS FED COCOA SEED (Theobroma cacao) TESTA AS A REPLACEMENT FOR PALM KERNEL CAKE CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENT TO BASAL GRASS (Cynodon nlemfuensis ). In: 1st National Conference of WITED, Ilaro Chapter, August 13-16, 2019, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Ajibola, W.A and Dada, A.A and Amori, A. A (2018) MICROSTRUCTURAL STUDIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC ALUMINIUM ALLOY REINFORCED WITH ALUMINA AND COCONUT SHELL ASH. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS), 4 (7). pp. 86-96. ISSN ISSN: 2395‐3470

Ajobiewe, A. M and Olorunsogbon, B.F. and Alaba, J.O. (2019) THE EFFECTS OF MALTING ON SORGHUM AND MAIZE FOR WEANING FOOD PRODUCTION. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9 (12). pp. 608-613. ISSN 2250-3153

Akinlade, O. O and Obi, G. C and Lawanson, A. A. MORINGA: A POTENTIAL SUBSTITUTE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENT IN BROILER PRODUCTION- A REVIEW. In: NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION (NSAP) 45TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - BAUCHI 2020 BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS.

Akinlade, O. O and Obi, G. C. and Lawanson, A. A. (2020) MORINGA: A POTENTIAL SUBSTITUTE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENT IN BROILER PRODUCTION- A REVIEW. In: NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION (NSAP) 45TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE - BAUCHI 2020 BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS, 2020, Bauchi.

Akinlade, O. O and Okusanya, P. O. (2020) ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19: OPPORTUNITIES IN BROILER PRODUCTION FOR NIGERIANS. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Akinlade, O. O and Okusanya, P. O. (2020) Effect of Weather Parameters on Adaptability and Performance of Broiler Chicken reared during the Dry Season of North Central Nigeria. FEPI-JOPAS, 2 (1). pp. 45-54.

Akinlade, O. O and Okusanya, P. O. (2019) MORTALITY PATTERN IN ZOO ANIMALS IN SOUTH –WEST, NIGERIA. In: 4th National Development Conference of The School of Pure and Applied Science, 2nd – 5th December, 2019, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Akinlade, O. O and Okusanya, P. O. (2021) SURVEY ON PREVALENT DISEASES IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS IN YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE. In: NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION (NSAP) 46TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE – DUTSIN-MA 2021 BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS, 2021, NIGERIA.

Akinola, O. A. and Leramo, O. O. and Akinlade, O. O (2020) PIG PRODUCTION AS PANACEA TO ANIMAL PROTEIN SHORTAGE IN NIGERIA AMIDST A GLOBAL PANDEMIC (COVID-19). In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Alaba, K.E (2021) Assessment of Nutritional Status of School Age Children (5-12 Years) in Selected Private Primary Schools in Ilaro Metropolis Ogun State. Nigeria. FEPI-JOPAS, 3 (1). pp. 75-80. ISSN 2714-2531

Awolola, O.O and Olorunmaiye, J.A (2013) STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HOURLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY DATA OF SOKOTO AND PORT HARCOURT IN NIGERIA AND ITS IMPLICATION ON AGRICULTURE. In: International Engineering Conference, 9-13 December 2013, Abuja.

Ayeloja, A and Abdulsalami, S and Jimoh, W and Idi-Ogede, A and Yusuff, Khadijah O. and Nwachukwu, B (2018) Hygiene Status of Fish Smoking Facilities of Selected Fish Smoking Centers in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. In: FISON 2018 PROCEEDINGS, 2018.

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Bello, K.O. and Kareem, S. O. and Jimoh, B. Z. (2016) Effect of sex and frequency of litter change on growth performance, haematology and carcass yield of rabbits raised on deep litter system. Nigerian Journal of Animal production.

Bolanle, Yisau I. and Babatunde, R.A. and ODERINDE, A.A. (2020) DETERMINATION OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RED HORSE COWPEA SEED AS A FUNCTION OF MOISTURE CONTENTS. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

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Coker, Temitope and Okparavero, Oluwaseun and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju (2021) SURVEY ON AWARENESS OF FALL ARMYWORM AND THE EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) PRODUCTION IN YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE. In: Presented at the 5th National Conference of the School of Pure & Applied Sciences Federal Polytechnic Ilaro held between 29 and 30th September, 2021. Theme: Food Security and Safety: A Foothold for Development of Sustainable Economy in Nigeria, 29th – 30th September, 2021, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

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Eleyinmi, A. F. and Oloyo, R. A. (2001) Pilot scale brewing trials using formulated blend of selected local vegetables as hop substitute. J Food Sci Technol., 38 (6). pp. 609-611.

Enemaku, Lawrence Ebenehi and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju (2019) ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION AND ITS’ PRODUCTIVITY FUNCTIONS IN IBAJI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA. In: 4th National Conference, School of Engineering, 25th- 28th November, 2019., The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Enemaku, Lawrence Ebenehi and Ogunlade, C. B (2021) Assessment of the Effects of Farm Technologies Input Adopted by Subsistence Farmers’ in Kogi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Women in Technical Education and Employment (IJOWITED), 2 (1). pp. 111-117. ISSN 2734-3227

Enemaku, Lawrence Ebenehi and Ogunlade, C. B (2021) Assessment of the Effects of Farm Technologies Input Adopted by Subsistence Farmers’ in Kogi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Women in Technical Education and Employment (IJOWITED), 2 (1). pp. 111-117. ISSN 2734-3227

Enemaku, Lawrence Ebenehi and Ogunlade, C. B (2020) HYDROPONIC FARMING: A PANACEA FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA. In: 2nd International Conference, Virtual, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Enemaku, Lawrence Ebenehi and Ogunlade, C. B (2020) Mechanization Practices of Medium Scale Farmers’ in Ibaji Local Government Area of Kogi State Nigeria. In: 2nd International Conference, Virtual, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Enemaku, Lawrence Ebenehi and Oluwagbayide, S.D (2021) IMPACT ASSESSMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL FARM-SAFETY ON NIGERIA AGRO-ECONOMY RECOVERY AGENDA. Techno-Science Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 4 (1). pp. 1-6. ISSN 2651-3722

Ewuola, E. O and Adeyemi, A. A and Amao, T. M and Jones, B. O and Lawanson, A. A (2016) FERTILITY IN RABBIT DOES ADMINISTERED HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN UNDER NATURAL MATING. Journal of animal production research, 28 (2). pp. 55-60. ISSN 0189-0514

Ewuola, E. O and Sokunbi, O. A and Lawanson, A. A. and Ogunwole, S. I. (2018) RELATIONSHIP AMONG EXTERNAL MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS AND SEMEN QUALITY IN BREEDER COCKS AND EGG CHARACTERISTICS IN LAYING HENS. Journal of animal production research, 30 (2). pp. 248-257. ISSN 0189-0514

Ewuola, E. O. and Lawanson, A. A. and Adeyemi, A. A (2014) An improvised artificial vagina for rabbit semen collection and the characteristics of the extended rabbit semen as panacea for artificial insemination. Trop. Anim. Prod. Invest, 17 (1). pp. 19-24. ISSN 1115-2540

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Fagbayide, S.D and Ewemoje, T. A and Oluwasemire, K.O (2019) Experimental Determination of Growth-Stage-Specific Crop Coefficient of Jatropha Curcas in Sub-Humid Region of NIgeria. In: 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7-10, 2019, Boston, Massachusetts.

Falola, O and Olufayo, O (2016) Haematological Response of West African Dwarf Goats fed Ensiled Corncobs and Cassava peels. In: 41st Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 20th -24th March 2016., Federal University Of Agriculture Abeokuta.

Falola, O and Olufayo, O (2017) In Vitro Gas Production Assessment of Panicum maximum Incubated with Leuceana leucocephala at Varying Proportion to Predict the Nutritional Value for Ruminants. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44 (3). pp. 371-377.

Falola, O and Olufayo, O (2016) Nutritional Evaluation of Some Browse Plants Incubated with Panicum maximum by in-Vitro Gas Production Technique. In: 21st Annual Conference of Animal Science Association of Nigeria and Nigerian Institute of Animal Science, 18th-22nd September 2016., University of Port- Harcourt.

Falola, O and Olufayo, O (2017) Rumen Characteristics and Blood Parameters of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Vetiver Grass Ensiled With Cassava Peels at Different Ratio. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 44 (3). pp. 366-370.

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Godwin, Chukwudi OBI and Idris, Babatunde ALLINSON Emerging Advancements in Genetically Modified Organism.: A study of Transgenic Birds for Improved Production. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

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Irivboje, Oluwabusayo Adewunmi and Irivboje, Young Imienwain (2020) 452 Irivboje Oluwabusayo Adewunmi & Irivboje Young Imienwain COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA AND OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Irivboje, Oluwabusayo Adewunmi and Olufayo, O and Irivboje, Young Imienwain (2021) Impact of climate change on poultry production: A review. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 48 (4). pp. 59-69.

Irivboje, Oluwabusayo Adewunmi and Olufayo, O and Irivboje, Young Imienwain (2021) A survey on phytogenic extracts commonly used in the control of Newcastle disease in indigenous chickens raised in Yewa South local government area of Nigeria. Nigerian J. Anim. Sci, 23 (1). pp. 86-94.

Irivboje, Oluwabusayo Adewunmi and Olufayo, Omobola (2019) EFFECT OF FEEDING TIME ON LAYING PERFORMANCE OF BROILER BREEDERS RAISED UNDER TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT. In: 1st National Conference of WITED, Ilaro Chapter, August 13-16, 2019, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State.

Irivboje, Oluwabusayo Adewunmi and Olufayo, Omobola and Irivboje, Young Imienwain (2020) Phytogenic compounds: A review of ginger and garlic as an alternative feed additive in poultry nutrition. In: Proceedings of 25th Annual Conference of ASAN 2020, Abuja, Nigeria, 2020, abuja,nigeria.

Irivboje, Y.I and Fafiolu, A.O and Sanni, M.T and Irivboje, O.A and Ikeobi, C.O.N (2019) GENOTYPIC AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF TWO STRAINS OF HYBRID LAYERS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 67 (4). pp. 303-355. ISSN 0378 – 9721

Irivboje, Young Imienwain and Fafiolu, Adeboye Olusesan and Sanni, Muyideen Timothy and Irivboje, Oluwabusayo Adewunmi and Ikeobi, Christian Obiora Ndubuisi (2020) Comparative effect of genotype and season on the haematological profile of two laying chicken strains in southwest Nigeria. AGRICULTURA TROPICA ET SUBTROPICA, 53 (1). pp. 13-18. ISSN 2020-0002

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KAREEM, S. O and SOGUNLE, O. M and EGBEYALE, L. T and ADEOSUN, I. O and SAFIYU, K. K and ODUTAYO, O. J. (2017) EFFECT OF FEEDING TIME ON HATCHABILITY AND QUALITY OF HATCHLINGS FROM BROILER BREEDERS RAISED UNDER TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT. In: 42nd Conf. Nig. Soc. For Ani. Pro. 26-30 March, 2017. Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State. Nigeria, 26-30 March, 2017, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State. Nigeria.

Khadijah, O. Yusuff and Elizabeth, O. Ibidapo-Obe and Ibidapo-Obe, Elizabeth. O. (2020) X-RAYING THE USE OF PLANT BASED IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN AQUACULTURE. In: 5, 10th – 11th Nov., 2020, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

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Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola (2017) CONTRIBUTION OF RUMINANTS’ PRODUCTION TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE. In: the National Conference of the Schools of Pure and Applied Sciences and Communication and Information Technology, 4th - 7th December, 2017., The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Aako, O. L. and Oluwagbayide, S.D (2019) WASTE ANALYSIS IN POST-HARVEST FRUIT MARKETING: A MEASURE TO REDUCE ECONOMIC WASTAGE IN ILARO, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. Techno-Science Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 4 (1). pp. 27-32. ISSN 2651-3722

Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Osunmakinde, A and Azeez, S (2022) PROFITABILITY OF OFADA RICE AMONG RICE MARKETERS IN YEWA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 16th & 17th Aug, 2022, 16-17 August, 2022, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Lawanson, A. A and Sokunbi, O. A and Bankole, T. O and Ewuola, E. O (2020) Combined Effects of Selenium and α-Tocopherol on Quality and Fertilising Ability of Spermatozoa in Extended Cock Semen Processed and Inseminated On-Farm. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 13 (1). pp. 42-49. ISSN 2319-2372

Lawanson, A. A. and Akinlade, O. O and Obi, G. C (2021) ANTIOXIDANTS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION-A REVIEW. In: NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION (NSAP) 46TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE – DUTSIN-MA 2021 BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS, 2021, Nigeria.

Lawanson, A. A. and Sokunbi, O. A and Obi, G. C (2019) IN VITRO EFFECTS OF SELENIUM AND Α-TOCOPHEROL INCLUSION ON SPERMATOZOA QUALITY OF EXTENDED COCK SEMEN STORED UNDER ROOM TEMPERATURE. FEPI-JOPAS 1(1), 1 (1). pp. 76-82. ISSN 2714-2531

Lawanson, A. A. and Sokunbi, O. A. and Obi, G. C. (2019) IN VITRO EFFECTS OF SELENIUM AND α-TOCOPHEROL INCLUSION ON SPERMATOZOA QUALITY OF EXTENDED COCK SEMEN STORED UNDER ROOM TEMPERATURE. FEPI-JOPAS, 1 (1). pp. 76-82. ISSN 2714-2531

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Muhammed-Lawal, A.A and Lawal, R.A and Ogunseitan, T.O (2019) Assessment of Corporate Social Responsibilities and Returns to Marketing Among Saw Millers in Iseyin Local Government of Oyo State, Nigeria. African Association of Agricultural Economists, Abuja.

Muhammed-Lawal, A.A and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola (2021) Saw Millers Corporate Social Responsibilities and Returns to Marketing. FEPI-JOPAS, 3 (1). pp. 98-107. ISSN 2714-2531

Muhammed-Lawal, Abdul-azeez A. and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola (2019) ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND RETURNS TO MARKETING AMONG SAW MILLERS IN ISEYIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA. In: 6th African Association of Agricultural Economists, Abuja, 23rd – 26th September, 2019., Abuja.

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Obi, G. C and Lawanson, A. A. and Akinlade, O. O Potentials of Garlic as a Feed additive and Alternative to Antibiotics in poultry Production, A Review. In: Proceedings of 25th Annual Conference of ASAN 2020, Abuja, Nigeria (76-78), 2020, Abuja Nigeria.

Obi, G. C. and Lawanson, A. A. and Akinlade, O. O (2020) Potentials of Garlic as a Feed additive and Alternative to Antibiotics in poultry Production, A Review. In: Proceedings of 25th Annual Conference of ASAN 2020, Abuja, Nigeria, 2020, Abuja, Nigeria.

Oduguwa, B. O. and Oloyo, O. O. and Talabi, A. O. and Sogunle, O. A. and Okwelum, N. and Oloyo, R. A. (2013) Assessment of tick infestation and its effects on growth of extensively managed cattle in Ogun State, Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 34 (1). pp. 701-708. ISSN 0331-3026

Ogunlade, Christopher Bamidele and Sangosina, Moruf Ishola and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju (2018) DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF A DRYING SYSTEM FOR OKRA. In: 1st International Conference. The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State., 5th- 8th November, 2018., The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.

Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and AWOTUNDE, J. M. and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ajeigbe, O. M. (2021) EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIATIONS AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ON TOMATO YIELD. IN IMEKO AFON LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 4 (2). pp. 75-85.

Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju (2020) Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 196 SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ OBSERVABLE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIATIONS ON TOMATO YIELD AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN IMEKO AFON, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE NIGERIA Ogunseitan, T. O. and Lawal, R. A. Department of Agricultural Technology. Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria ABSTRACT Climate variability is one of the most serious environmental threats facing mankind worldwide. It affects agriculture in several ways, including its direct impact on food production such as production of tomato. This study assessed smallholder farmers’ observable effects of climate variations on tomato yield and adaptation strategies in Imeko Afon. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 294 tomato farmers from 12 rural communities. The study area was chosen due to highest number of tomato farmers. Well-structured questionnaire and interview Schedule were used to obtain data on the observable effects of climate variations on tomato yield, various adaptation strategies used by the farmers and also socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test. The findings revealed that 88.4%, 77.1%, and 68.0% of the respondents strongly agreed that unstable planting season, unpredictable timing of harvest and reduced yield of tomato respectively were common observable effects of climate variation on tomato production. Chi-square test reveals that, that there is significant (p≤0.05) relationship between socio-economic characteristics and adaptation strategies used. Therefore, climate variations negatively affect tomato production leading to poor yield and high financial lost in the study area. Using of irrigation system and improved varieties were recommended. Keywords: Climate variation, small holder farmers, tomato production, adaptation strategies INTRODUCTION One of the biggest environmental challenges bedeviling mankind in this 21st century is the changing climate across the globe (Datta, 2013). According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 2007), the climate is said to have changed when there is a direct or indirect alteration of the composition of the global atmosphere, which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Climate variability looks at changes that occur within smaller timeframes, such as a month, a season or a year. According to Federal Office of Statistics (1999), small scale farmers are farmers whose production capacity falls between 0.1 and 4.99 hectares holding. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) belongs to the family Lycopersicon. Tomato will grow anywhere in Nigeria; provided there is regular supply of water, however the crop does well in the savanna zone than the forest zone because diseases and pests are less prevalent (Kelley and Boyhan, 2010). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) defines climate adaptation as initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems against actual or expected climate change effects. Adaptation can therefore be regarded as the ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. Operationally, climate adaptation as used in this work refers to the various strategies adopted to respond to harsh climatic conditions. The papers therefore, determines the farmers’ observable effects of climate variations on tomato yield and also determine the level of significant relationship between adaptation strategies and socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers. METHODOLOGY The study was carried out in Imeko Afon Local government area of Ogun State, South West of Nigeria. Imeko Afon local government area was purposively chosen because the Local Government is the highest producer of Tomato. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 294 tomato farmers from 12 rural communities. Data were collected with wellstructured questionnaires and interview schedule from tomato farmers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test. Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 197 RESULTS AND DISCUSSSION Farmers’ observable effect of climate variations on tomato yield Table 1 shows the observable effect of climate variations on tomato yield. It was revealed that, averagely 47% of the farmers strongly agreed that climate variation has increased harmful effect on weeds while 53% of the farmers agreed that climate variation has increased harmful effect of weeds while none of the respondents disagree. This shows that climate variation has increased harmful effect of weeds on tomato yield because the variation in climate favours the weeds to grow very well to the detriment of the tomato plant. Table 1 explained other observable effect of climate variations on tomato yield. Table 1: Farmers observable effect of Climate variation on tomato yield Observable effects SA A U SD D Increased harmful effect of weeds 9.9 90.1 0 0 0 Reduced the yield of tomato 68.0 32 0 0 0 Caused more diseases harmful to tomato crop 14.6 85.4 0 0 0 Caused more insect pest harmful to tomato crop 14.6 85.4 0 0 0 Caused dehydration in tomato crop 52.0 48.0 0 0 0 Reduced the total farmland cultivated with tomato 33.3 66.7 0 0 0 Made timing of harvest unpredictable 71.7 28.3 0 0 0 Negatively affected planting season 88.4 11.6 0 0 0 Made tomato farming enterprise unprofitable Mean 70.1 47 29.9 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 *SA-Strongly Agreed, A-Agreed, U- Undecided, SD-Strongly Disagreed, D- Disagreed Source: Field survey, 2019 *Multiple responses Relationship between adaptation strategies and socioeconomic characteristics of the tomato farmers The socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers that were selected for these studies are; age, sex, household sizes, occupation, educational background and years of experience on operation. The adaptation strategies that were used by tomato farmers are; altering planting date, switching to tomato variety, application of irrigation, planting early or late maturing tomato variety, planting tomato crops on fadama lands, planting pest and disease resistance, altering of tillage methods, application of green or organic manure. Details are presented in Table 2. Chisquare results shows that, significant relationship existed between altering planting date, period and extension visits (X2 = 12.092; p = 0.01). Switching to tomato variety more adaptable was statistically related to education levels (X2 = 12.092; p = 0.01), farming experience (X2 = 2.85; p = 0.04) and extension visits (X2 = 15.013; p = 0.001). Application of irrigation was significantly related to levels of education (X2 = 14.489; p = 0.002), farming experience (X2 = 28.981; p = 0.000) and extension visits (X2 = 10.165; p = 0.001). Planting early or late maturing tomato variety had significant relationship with age (X2 = 9.963; p = 0.041), education (X2 = 21.696; p = 0.000), household size (X2 = 14.940; p = 0.02) and farming experience (X2 = 15.545; p = 0.04). Planting pest and disease resistance variety was significantly related to education (X2 = 10.850; p = 0.013) and farming experience (X2 = 10.034; p = 0.040). Altering of tillage method had significantly relationship with education (X2 = 18.877; p = 0.004), farming experience (X2 = 31.663; p = 0.000) and extension visits (X2 = 11.733; p = 0.003). The results conclude that, there is a significant relationship between adaptation strategies and some socio-economic characteristics Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 198 such as age, household size, farming experience and training from extension agents at 5% significant level. Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 199 Table 2: Results of Chi-Square analysis showing relationship between adaptation strategies and socioeconomic characteristics of the tomato farmers Variables APDT STV APIRR PELMT PTCFL PPDR ATM AGOM X2 P – value X2 P - value X2 P – value X2 P – value X2 P - value X2 P-value X2 P-value X2 Pvalue Age 7.234 0.124 4.346 0.825 2.978 0.562 9.963 0.041* 0.618 0.961 7.730 1.02 12.170 0.144 1.417 0.841 Sex 1.174 0.279 0.282 0.868 0.863 0.353 1.547 0.214 1.018 0.313 0.102 0.749 0.498 0.780 0.860 0.354 Marital Status 0.394 0.821 1.859 0.762 1.062 0.588 4.080 0.130 0.616 0.735 1.562 0.458 6.063 0.195 0.423 0.809 Education 10.618 0.14 21.311 0.002* 14.482 0.002* 21.696 0.000* 0.113 0.990 10.850 0.013* 18.877 0.004* 1.941 0.585 Household Size 5.303 0.15 3.941 0.685 1.366 0.714 14.940 0.02* 0.864 0.834 6.811 0.078 10.471 0.106 1.403 0.705 Farming Experience 13.188 0.10 22.857 0.04* 28.981 0.000* 15.545 0.04* 3.334 0.504 10.034 0.040* 31.663 0.000* 4.624 0.328 Extension Visits 12.09 0.01* 15.013 0.001* 10.165 0.001* 1.292 0.256 0.933 0.334 0.219 0.640 11.733 0.003* 0.243 0.622 Note: APDT = Altering planting Date; STV = Switching to Tomato Variety; APIRR = Application of Irrigation; PELMT = Planting Early or Late Maturing Tomato Variety; PTCFL = Planting Tomato Crops on Fadama Lands; PPDR = Planting Pest and Disease Resistance; ATM = Altering of Tillage Methods; AGOM = Application of Green or organic Manure. * represent significant level (p-value) at 5% Source: Field Survey, 2019 Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 200 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Indeed, climate variations in Imeko Afon local government area really have harmful effect on tomato farmers in the study area. 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