Items where Author is "Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola"

Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Osunmakinde, A and Azeez, S (2022) PROFITABILITY OF OFADA RICE AMONG RICE MARKETERS IN YEWA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 16th & 17th Aug, 2022, 16-17 August, 2022, The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Ajeigbe, O and Sangosina, Moruf Ishola and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Lawal, R.A and Yusuff, Khadijah O. (2021) Effects of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta Indica) And Cassava Peels on the Performance of West African Dware Goat. The School of Pure and Applied Science The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria., 3 (2). pp. 73-79. ISSN 2714-2531

Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and AWOTUNDE, J. M. and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ajeigbe, O. M. (2021) EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIATIONS AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ON TOMATO YIELD. IN IMEKO AFON LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 4 (2). pp. 75-85.

Muhammed-Lawal, A.A and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola (2021) Saw Millers Corporate Social Responsibilities and Returns to Marketing. FEPI-JOPAS, 3 (1). pp. 98-107. ISSN 2714-2531

Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju (2020) Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 196 SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ OBSERVABLE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIATIONS ON TOMATO YIELD AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES IN IMEKO AFON, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE NIGERIA Ogunseitan, T. O. and Lawal, R. A. Department of Agricultural Technology. Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria ABSTRACT Climate variability is one of the most serious environmental threats facing mankind worldwide. It affects agriculture in several ways, including its direct impact on food production such as production of tomato. This study assessed smallholder farmers’ observable effects of climate variations on tomato yield and adaptation strategies in Imeko Afon. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 294 tomato farmers from 12 rural communities. The study area was chosen due to highest number of tomato farmers. Well-structured questionnaire and interview Schedule were used to obtain data on the observable effects of climate variations on tomato yield, various adaptation strategies used by the farmers and also socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test. The findings revealed that 88.4%, 77.1%, and 68.0% of the respondents strongly agreed that unstable planting season, unpredictable timing of harvest and reduced yield of tomato respectively were common observable effects of climate variation on tomato production. Chi-square test reveals that, that there is significant (p≤0.05) relationship between socio-economic characteristics and adaptation strategies used. Therefore, climate variations negatively affect tomato production leading to poor yield and high financial lost in the study area. Using of irrigation system and improved varieties were recommended. Keywords: Climate variation, small holder farmers, tomato production, adaptation strategies INTRODUCTION One of the biggest environmental challenges bedeviling mankind in this 21st century is the changing climate across the globe (Datta, 2013). According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 2007), the climate is said to have changed when there is a direct or indirect alteration of the composition of the global atmosphere, which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Climate variability looks at changes that occur within smaller timeframes, such as a month, a season or a year. According to Federal Office of Statistics (1999), small scale farmers are farmers whose production capacity falls between 0.1 and 4.99 hectares holding. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) belongs to the family Lycopersicon. Tomato will grow anywhere in Nigeria; provided there is regular supply of water, however the crop does well in the savanna zone than the forest zone because diseases and pests are less prevalent (Kelley and Boyhan, 2010). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) defines climate adaptation as initiatives and measures to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems against actual or expected climate change effects. Adaptation can therefore be regarded as the ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences. Operationally, climate adaptation as used in this work refers to the various strategies adopted to respond to harsh climatic conditions. The papers therefore, determines the farmers’ observable effects of climate variations on tomato yield and also determine the level of significant relationship between adaptation strategies and socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers. METHODOLOGY The study was carried out in Imeko Afon Local government area of Ogun State, South West of Nigeria. Imeko Afon local government area was purposively chosen because the Local Government is the highest producer of Tomato. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 294 tomato farmers from 12 rural communities. Data were collected with wellstructured questionnaires and interview schedule from tomato farmers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-square test. Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 197 RESULTS AND DISCUSSSION Farmers’ observable effect of climate variations on tomato yield Table 1 shows the observable effect of climate variations on tomato yield. It was revealed that, averagely 47% of the farmers strongly agreed that climate variation has increased harmful effect on weeds while 53% of the farmers agreed that climate variation has increased harmful effect of weeds while none of the respondents disagree. This shows that climate variation has increased harmful effect of weeds on tomato yield because the variation in climate favours the weeds to grow very well to the detriment of the tomato plant. Table 1 explained other observable effect of climate variations on tomato yield. Table 1: Farmers observable effect of Climate variation on tomato yield Observable effects SA A U SD D Increased harmful effect of weeds 9.9 90.1 0 0 0 Reduced the yield of tomato 68.0 32 0 0 0 Caused more diseases harmful to tomato crop 14.6 85.4 0 0 0 Caused more insect pest harmful to tomato crop 14.6 85.4 0 0 0 Caused dehydration in tomato crop 52.0 48.0 0 0 0 Reduced the total farmland cultivated with tomato 33.3 66.7 0 0 0 Made timing of harvest unpredictable 71.7 28.3 0 0 0 Negatively affected planting season 88.4 11.6 0 0 0 Made tomato farming enterprise unprofitable Mean 70.1 47 29.9 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 *SA-Strongly Agreed, A-Agreed, U- Undecided, SD-Strongly Disagreed, D- Disagreed Source: Field survey, 2019 *Multiple responses Relationship between adaptation strategies and socioeconomic characteristics of the tomato farmers The socio-economic characteristics of tomato farmers that were selected for these studies are; age, sex, household sizes, occupation, educational background and years of experience on operation. The adaptation strategies that were used by tomato farmers are; altering planting date, switching to tomato variety, application of irrigation, planting early or late maturing tomato variety, planting tomato crops on fadama lands, planting pest and disease resistance, altering of tillage methods, application of green or organic manure. Details are presented in Table 2. Chisquare results shows that, significant relationship existed between altering planting date, period and extension visits (X2 = 12.092; p = 0.01). Switching to tomato variety more adaptable was statistically related to education levels (X2 = 12.092; p = 0.01), farming experience (X2 = 2.85; p = 0.04) and extension visits (X2 = 15.013; p = 0.001). Application of irrigation was significantly related to levels of education (X2 = 14.489; p = 0.002), farming experience (X2 = 28.981; p = 0.000) and extension visits (X2 = 10.165; p = 0.001). Planting early or late maturing tomato variety had significant relationship with age (X2 = 9.963; p = 0.041), education (X2 = 21.696; p = 0.000), household size (X2 = 14.940; p = 0.02) and farming experience (X2 = 15.545; p = 0.04). Planting pest and disease resistance variety was significantly related to education (X2 = 10.850; p = 0.013) and farming experience (X2 = 10.034; p = 0.040). Altering of tillage method had significantly relationship with education (X2 = 18.877; p = 0.004), farming experience (X2 = 31.663; p = 0.000) and extension visits (X2 = 11.733; p = 0.003). The results conclude that, there is a significant relationship between adaptation strategies and some socio-economic characteristics Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 198 such as age, household size, farming experience and training from extension agents at 5% significant level. Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 199 Table 2: Results of Chi-Square analysis showing relationship between adaptation strategies and socioeconomic characteristics of the tomato farmers Variables APDT STV APIRR PELMT PTCFL PPDR ATM AGOM X2 P – value X2 P - value X2 P – value X2 P – value X2 P - value X2 P-value X2 P-value X2 Pvalue Age 7.234 0.124 4.346 0.825 2.978 0.562 9.963 0.041* 0.618 0.961 7.730 1.02 12.170 0.144 1.417 0.841 Sex 1.174 0.279 0.282 0.868 0.863 0.353 1.547 0.214 1.018 0.313 0.102 0.749 0.498 0.780 0.860 0.354 Marital Status 0.394 0.821 1.859 0.762 1.062 0.588 4.080 0.130 0.616 0.735 1.562 0.458 6.063 0.195 0.423 0.809 Education 10.618 0.14 21.311 0.002* 14.482 0.002* 21.696 0.000* 0.113 0.990 10.850 0.013* 18.877 0.004* 1.941 0.585 Household Size 5.303 0.15 3.941 0.685 1.366 0.714 14.940 0.02* 0.864 0.834 6.811 0.078 10.471 0.106 1.403 0.705 Farming Experience 13.188 0.10 22.857 0.04* 28.981 0.000* 15.545 0.04* 3.334 0.504 10.034 0.040* 31.663 0.000* 4.624 0.328 Extension Visits 12.09 0.01* 15.013 0.001* 10.165 0.001* 1.292 0.256 0.933 0.334 0.219 0.640 11.733 0.003* 0.243 0.622 Note: APDT = Altering planting Date; STV = Switching to Tomato Variety; APIRR = Application of Irrigation; PELMT = Planting Early or Late Maturing Tomato Variety; PTCFL = Planting Tomato Crops on Fadama Lands; PPDR = Planting Pest and Disease Resistance; ATM = Altering of Tillage Methods; AGOM = Application of Green or organic Manure. * represent significant level (p-value) at 5% Source: Field Survey, 2019 Proceedings of the 29th Annual National Congress of the Rural Sociological Association of Nigeria (RuSAN) 200 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Indeed, climate variations in Imeko Afon local government area really have harmful effect on tomato farmers in the study area. There were poor yield and discouragement of expanding their hectarage of land due to lose of financial gains and cannot meet their house hold needs. Therefore, Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) should make use of Extension Agents to keep the tomato farmers informed about predictions of climate variations from time to time and also government should encourage the farmers to use irrigation system by giving funds to the farmers in order to use it. REFERENCES Datta, S. (2013). Impact of Climate Change in Indian Horticulture - A Review, International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, 661– 671. Federal Office of Statistics (1999). Poverty and Agricultural Sector in Nigeria, Poverty. Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nation (2008). Production Year Book, pp.326. IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S.D. Qin, Manning, M, Chen, Z, Marquis, M, Averyt, K.B, Tignor, M and Miller, H.L (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. UNFCCC (2007). Climate Change; Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Developing Countries, Climate Change Secretariat. UNFCCC. Bonn. United Nations Development Programme and lobal Environmental. In: PROCEEDINGS of the 29th Annual National Congress of the RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (RuSAN) held at Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State Between 12 and 16 October, 2020, 12 and 16 October, 2020, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State.

Muhammed-Lawal, Abdul-azeez A. and Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola (2019) ASSESSMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND RETURNS TO MARKETING AMONG SAW MILLERS IN ISEYIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA. In: 6th African Association of Agricultural Economists, Abuja, 23rd – 26th September, 2019., Abuja.

Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola and Aako, O. L. and Oluwagbayide, S.D (2019) WASTE ANALYSIS IN POST-HARVEST FRUIT MARKETING: A MEASURE TO REDUCE ECONOMIC WASTAGE IN ILARO, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. Techno-Science Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 4 (1). pp. 27-32. ISSN 2651-3722

Lawal, Raimot Adepeju and Ogunseitan, Taiwo Olusola (2017) CONTRIBUTION OF RUMINANTS’ PRODUCTION TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OGUN STATE. In: the National Conference of the Schools of Pure and Applied Sciences and Communication and Information Technology, 4th - 7th December, 2017., The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro.